{"id":11840,"date":"2015-03-14T23:36:14","date_gmt":"2015-03-14T20:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/?p=11840"},"modified":"2015-03-22T02:09:23","modified_gmt":"2015-03-21T22:39:23","slug":"%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%b3%da%a9-%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%b1-%d9%88-%d8%b1%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%aa%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/?p=11840","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: times new roman,times;\">Country risk, country size, and tax competition for foreign direct investment<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e:<\/strong> \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><a title=\"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/20026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-12774 alignnone\" alt=\"OK\" src=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/OK.png\" width=\"187\" height=\"39\" 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width=\"28\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 28 28\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M26.11 8.844c0 .39-.157.78-.44 1.062L12.234 23.344c-.28.28-.672.438-1.062.438s-.78-.156-1.06-.438l-7.782-7.78c-.28-.282-.438-.673-.438-1.063s.156-.78.438-1.06l2.125-2.126c.28-.28.672-.438 1.062-.438s.78.156 1.062.438l4.594 4.61L21.42 5.656c.282-.28.673-.438 1.063-.438s.78.155 1.062.437l2.125 2.125c.28.28.438.672.438 1.062z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062f \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!--end .edd_purchase_submit_wrapper-->\n\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"download_id\" value=\"11836\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"edd_action\" class=\"edd_action_input\" value=\"add_to_cart\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"edd_redirect_to_checkout\" id=\"edd_redirect_to_checkout\" value=\"1\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/form><!--end #edd_purchase_11836-->\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647:\u00a0<\/strong><span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">International Review of Economics &amp; Finance<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a:<\/strong> \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0,\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong> \u06f1\u06f0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong> \u06f2\u06f0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u06a9\u062f:<\/strong><strong> 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\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u067e\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: times new roman,times;\">This paper analyzes tax competition for foreign direct investment with country risk using a two-country model with different market sizes. We show that the trade-off between country size as a locational advantage and country risk as a locational disadvantage affects the location choice of a foreign firm. Given the circumstance in which the foreign firm faces the same probabilities of country risk in both potential host countries when deciding investment location, our analysis shows that if the market size of the high-risk country is sufficiently large relative to the low-risk country, the foreign firm benefits from choosing the high-risk larger country even if the host country&#8217;s government imposes a lump-sum tax. Given the situation in which the foreign firm faces different probabilities of country risk in each host country, our results show that the important matter for the foreign firm is whether the host country is high-cost or low-cost, rather than whether the host country is high-risk<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: times new roman,times;\">Sanjo, Y. (2012). Country risk, country size, and tax competition for foreign direct investment. International Review of Economics &amp; Finance, 21(1), 292-301<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/h3>\n<h1><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><a title=\"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/20026.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" alt=\"10002icon\" src=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/10002icon.jpg\" width=\"186\" height=\"250\" \/><\/a>\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc&#8221; \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f6 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647 International Review of Economics &amp; Finance \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u00a0\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u00a0 \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u06af\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u06f8 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\t<form id=\"edd_purchase_11836-2\" class=\"edd_download_purchase_form edd_purchase_11836\" method=\"post\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"edd_purchase_submit_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"edd-add-to-cart button blue edd-submit\" data-nonce=\"5e00b569dc\" data-action=\"edd_add_to_cart\" data-download-id=\"11836\" data-variable-price=\"no\" data-price-mode=single data-price=\"200000\" ><span class=\"edd-add-to-cart-label\">200,000 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[84,127,211,226],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11840"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11840"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12799,"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11840\/revisions\/12799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}