{"id":14318,"date":"2015-04-15T11:10:50","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T07:40:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/?p=14318"},"modified":"2015-04-15T11:11:12","modified_gmt":"2015-04-15T07:41:12","slug":"%da%86%d8%b1%d8%ae%d9%87-%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1%db%8c-%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2%db%8c-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/?p=14318","title":{"rendered":"\u0686\u0631\u062e\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: times new roman,times;\">The technology life cycle: Conceptualization and managerial implications<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e:<\/strong> \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f2<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><a title=\"\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\" href=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/10311.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone\" alt=\"OK\" src=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/wp-content\/uploads\/OK.png\" width=\"187\" height=\"39\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\t<form id=\"edd_purchase_14310\" class=\"edd_download_purchase_form edd_purchase_14310\" method=\"post\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"edd_purchase_submit_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"edd-add-to-cart button blue edd-submit\" data-nonce=\"193104af18\" data-action=\"edd_add_to_cart\" data-download-id=\"14310\" data-variable-price=\"no\" data-price-mode=single data-price=\"200000\" ><span class=\"edd-add-to-cart-label\">200,000 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647<\/span> <span class=\"edd-loading\" aria-label=\"\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\"><\/span><\/a><input type=\"submit\" class=\"edd-add-to-cart edd-no-js button blue edd-submit\" name=\"edd_purchase_download\" value=\"200,000 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\" data-action=\"edd_add_to_cart\" data-download-id=\"14310\" data-variable-price=\"no\" data-price-mode=single \/><a href=\"http:\/\/www.irantahgig.ir\/?page_id=4907\" class=\"edd_go_to_checkout button blue edd-submit\" style=\"display:none;\">\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"edd-cart-ajax-alert\" aria-live=\"assertive\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"edd-cart-added-alert\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"edd-icon edd-icon-check\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" viewBox=\"0 0 28 28\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<path d=\"M26.11 8.844c0 .39-.157.78-.44 1.062L12.234 23.344c-.28.28-.672.438-1.062.438s-.78-.156-1.06-.438l-7.782-7.78c-.28-.282-.438-.673-.438-1.063s.156-.78.438-1.06l2.125-2.126c.28-.28.672-.438 1.062-.438s.78.156 1.062.438l4.594 4.61L21.42 5.656c.282-.28.673-.438 1.063-.438s.78.155 1.062.437l2.125 2.125c.28.28.438.672.438 1.062z\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062f \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!--end .edd_purchase_submit_wrapper-->\n\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"download_id\" value=\"14310\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"edd_action\" class=\"edd_action_input\" value=\"add_to_cart\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"edd_redirect_to_checkout\" id=\"edd_redirect_to_checkout\" value=\"1\">\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t<\/form><!--end #edd_purchase_14310-->\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><!--more--><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0647:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-family: times new roman,times;\">International journal of production economics<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a:<\/strong> \u06f2\u06f0\u06f0,\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong> \u06f1\u06f3<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc:<\/strong> \u06f2\u06f6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u06a9\u062f:<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>\u06f1\u06f0\u06f3\u06f1\u06f1<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0647 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\u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">\u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc<\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: times new roman,times;\">This paper argues that the technology life cycle literature is confused and incomplete. This literature is first reviewed with consideration of the related concepts of the life cycles for industries and products. By exploring the inter-relationships between these, an integrated view of the technology life cycle is produced. A new conceptualization of the technology life cycle is then proposed. This is represented as a model that incorporates three different levels for technology application, paradigm and generation. The model shows how separate paradigms emerge over time to achieve a given application. It traces the eras of ferment and incremental change and shows how technology generations evolve within these. It also depicts how the eras are separated by the emergence of a dominant design, and how paradigms are replaced at a technological discontinuity. By adopting this structure, the model can demarcate the evolution of technologies at varying levels of granularity from the specific products in which they may be manifest to the industries in which they are exploited.By taking technology as the unit of analysis the model departs from previous work, which has adopted a product-based perspective predominantly. The paper discusses the managerial and research implications associated with the technology life cycle, and indicates how these inform future research directions. As well as contributing to academic knowledge, the results of this research are of value to those who make decisions about the development, exploitation and use of technology including technology developers, engineers, technologists, R &amp; D managers, and designers<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 18px; font-family: times new roman,times;\">Taylor, M., &amp; Taylor, A. (2012). The technology life cycle: Conceptualization and managerial implications. 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